Defense

Graphite in the defense industry

The defense industry primarily requires synthetic graphite as a C/C composite (often SiC/TaC coated) and isostatic fine-grain graphite for heat, erosion, purity, and EM properties. Applications include: aero/rocket engines, hypersonics, guided missiles, reentry, onboard energy/EM protection, sensor thermal management, and weapons/ammunition manufacturing.

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Applications of graphite in the defense sector

Thermally insulating CFC linings

Hypersonic/Boost/Reentry

Material: C/C-SiC, C/C-TaC, ISO graphite coated.
Parts: Nose Caps, Leading Edges, Nozzle Throats, Thermal Barriers, TPS Panels.
Requirements: >2500 °C, erosion rate ↓, oxidation protection, fiber orientation, chip-free coating, CT/US testable.

Solid-fuel rockets/guided missiles

Material: C/C-SiC, isostatic graphite.
Parts: Nozzle/Throat Liner, Exit Cone, Injectors, Igniter Hardware, Insulations
Requirements: Density homogeneity, pores 8–12%, σb 60–100 MPa, adhesive strength of coating >25 MPa, low-wear microstructure.

Turbines/Ramjet

Material: ISO graphite, C/C; partly PyC barrier + SiC.
Parts: Flame tube shrouds, heat shields, afterburner shrouds, test rigs.
Requirements: Thermal shock, H₂/CO chemistry, low particle content, dimensional stability during cycling.

Artillery/Rocket Tube Peripherals

Material: C/C liner, CFC heat shields, ISO graphite plain bearings/seals.
Parts: Pipe thermal protection, breech seals, loading/guiding devices.
Requirements: Shock resistance, abrasion, rapid thermal recovery, TBO life.

Manufacturing of weapons/ammunition

Material: ISO graphite tools, CFC fixtures, graphite electrodes.
Parts: sintering/furnace fixtures, EDM electrodes for steels/Ti.
Requirements: Wear resistance, reproducible roughness, dimensional stability.

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